Brick-kiln.



R. C. PENPIELD 6: F. S. NAUGLE.

BRIGK KILN.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 2s, 1909.

Patented Oct. 11, 1910.

' SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Q U QQ@ kwa Q L@ y@ n @@QM@ im @ww R. C. PENFIELD & F. S. NAUGLE.

BRICK KILN.

nrmnulon FILED APB. 2a. 1909.

Patented Oct. 11,1910.

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BRICK KILN.

APPLICATION FILED APB. 2s, 1909.

Patented Oct. H, 1910.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Aro/vn v R. PENFIBLD Sz .R S. NAUGLE.

Patented Oct. l1, 19103 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

UNITED vSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

RAYMOND C. PENFIELD, OF-NEW YORK, AND FREDERICK S. NAUGLE, OF WARNER,

NEW YORK.

BBICK-KILN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented oet. 11, 1910.

. Application led April 23, 1909. Serial No. 491,700.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that we, RAYMOND C. PEN- FinLD and FREDERICK S. NAUGLE, citizens of the United States of America, residing, respectivel at New York city, in the county of New 'ork and State of New York, and at Warner, county of Onondaga, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Brick-Kilns, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein. to the accompanying drawing.

Our invention relates to a. continuous brick-kiln, having for its object the even and thorough burning of all the bricks in the kiln from the bottom to the top thereof, so that there may be no cessation in its successful operation, but it may be burned continuously throughout its length-by properly installing the green brick in a portion of the kiln and burning the same, immediately following this up with' the installation and.

burning of the green brick in another portion, and so on throughout the length of the kiln, the operation going on .continuously and uninterruptedly.

The invention comprises essentially a con-- tinuous or endless kiln construction having a plurality of rows of furnaces arranged parallel to each other in two or more horizontal series and adapted for any desired kind of fuel, such, for instance, as liquid, gaseous or solid. Of course, natural gas or any other gaseous fuel, or any suitable liquid fuel, or coal, wood, etc., may be utilized accordingly as convenience may suggest and the circumstances -re uire, the fuel dependin upon its availa ility vand its appropriateness for the kind of brick which is to be made, the character of the clay, etc.

The invention, moreover, consists in various `details and peculiarities inthe construction and combination, whereby a proper draft is created in connection with all of the furnaces or ires to promote ombustion and secure the best possible results, and includes suitable ducts and passages for. carrying off thewaste heat resulting from the burning of the brick, which waste heatcan be delivered and utilized at any distant point .forany purpose whatsoever, all as will be hereinafter more fully described `and pointes out, and then substantially het ,forth in the c aims.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrat-y Figs. 1 and 2 together representing, .a sideelevation of the entire kiln. Fig. 3 is a top plan view of a half of the kiln. Fig. 4 is a` horizontal sectional plan View of the other half, said Figs. 3 and 4` together represent-4 ing the Whole kiln, which is thus delineated la f in top plan and half in horizontal secing our invention, Figure 1 is 'a side elevation. Fig. 5- is -a cross section of the entire kiln on the .line 5, 5 of Fig. 3.

' Similar 'characters of reference designate corresponding parts throughout all the different flgures of the drawing.

Our continuous kiln may have any desired general forni. It is commonly built in an-elon ated rectangular or oblong shape, as is clear y seen by matching together 3 and 4. It consists essentially of an inner continuous wall 1, and anotherl outer parallel continuous wall 2; These walls are of any desired height, width and thickness, being generally of substantial thickness as other material. They are connected to ether 'at the top as shown, and the kiln is W at is known as an open top continuous kiln.

We have indicated in the drawings, at 3, a cover for the kiln which' roofs over the chamber 4, which may be called the burningchamber Aand which is situated 'between'the parallel vertical walls 1 and 2. The particular construction of the coverA or roof 3 may vary within wide limits, and we do not wish.

shown, and preferably filled with earth or In the walls 1 and 2 of the kiln, we construct furnace openings, preferably in a plurality of banks. In the specimen of the invention illustrated in the drawings we show three of these banks arranged in horizontal parallel planes. They are illustrated more particularly in Figs. 1 and 2. The members of the upper bank are designated 5; those of the'lower bank 6, and those of the intermediate bank 7. The exact form and condition of these furnace openings may -be varied within Wide limits, and we do not wish to be restricted to what we have shown in of the furnaces 7 and one or more of theA the drawings; but they will be formedin the Walls 1 and 2 byleaving aperturesbr vacant spaces which will be Walled 1nby br1 ck or tile, said spaces being of the rightsize to accommodate either liquid or gas burners, or such fuel as is to be used 1n the furnaces, and thereby enable the required combustion to take place which will provide the fires which heat the kiln and burn the brick. It will be understood, moreover, that the bricks which are set in the burning chamber 4, will be built up therein with such a formation and in such a manner that a greateror less number of arches will be provided which will run transversely and connect the furnaces of corresponding banks together; that is to say, the furnace in one of the side walls, as 2, will connect through horizontal arches in the brick with opposite furnaces of the same bank located in the other side wall, as 1, so that a proper draft may take place when the fires are burning 'for the pur ose of promoting the combustion and ena ling the heat so generated to be effectively ap lied to the bricks. Of course it may not )be necessary to connect all of the opposite furnaces with each other in this way, but it will be generally found desirable to use quite a number of these arches. These arches which are formed in the green brick are consequently located in several different horizontal planes corresponding to the number of rows for furnaces. In the present instance there may be three sets of arches, providing passages that connect the furnaces (or fires of the three banks in the side walls of the kiln. In lighting the furnaces, we find it most convenient usually to light some of the furnaces 6, which are the lowermost, first and then lighting those immediately above in the rows 5 and 7 but we do not wish to be confined to this practice of rst lighting a furnace .or furnaces in the lowermost row.

As is well understood in the operation of a continuous kiln, and as we have already hereinabove Asaid in describing the main principle of this kiln, a portion of the contents of the kiln chamber-will be burned and then another succeeding portion and then another and so o n until the green brick have beeninstalled and burned in the full length of the kiln. When one section of the mass of green brick is being burned, the practice is to close the dampers 25 at the openings in the ends of the subterranean draft passages V.15 belonging to thosev furnaces 6 which are now bein fired, thus closing off said passages for t e time being. A certain number of furnaces, including one or more furnaces 6 at the bottom, one or more furnaces 5, will then be fired practically at the same time, so that their heat may be )ointly applied to the green brick formation at successive points in-the vertical height of the same, so as to impart a burning effect to all the bricks from bottom to top, which effect will be even and uniform throughout tl1e` vertical height of the stack. At the tinie that this vertical group of furnaces is thus being fired, the hoods 14 will, as indicated in. Fig. 5, be placed in position over the lower furnaces 6'which are ahead of or in advance of those that are being fired (the dampers 25 having been previously removed from th'e ends of the connecting passages 15 hooded)"- so that by means of these hoods 14 said advance furnaces 6 may be connected with the underground passages 15 so as to form a connection with the trunk duct 16 andthe stack for the purpose of promoting combustion, as will be hereinafter more fully explained. After the brick has been thoroughly burned in the chamber opposite to the group of furnaces thus fired, the practice is to remove the hoods from the'lower furnaces which have just used themK and transfer them tb other furnaces beyond in the series, and then close the dampers 25 in the ducts 15 connecting with these furnaces Way the burning of the brick proceeds throughout the length of the kiln furnaces by an orderly succession of portions of the contents of theburning chamber, and the kiln is kept constantly and effectively in use.

This kiln may be provided with means for employing natural gas or some suitable gaseous or liquid fuel, in which case suitable supply pipes, as 8, will be arranged at some convenient point relatively yto the kiln, and from these pipes 8 there Will lead valveprovidea pipes 9 having on the ends thereof burners 10 located within the furnaces 6. Also, in order to convey the necessary supply of oil or gas to the furnaces 5, Vsuitable pipes may be connected to the branch pipes 9 or to the main pipes 10, and these pipes 1-1 will carry burners 12 situated in the furnaces 5 and preferably provided with valves to control the passage of the gas or liquid fuel ings. Other suitable pipes 13 also run from the pipes 9 or 8 to the furnaces 7 of the intei-mediate bank. In this way a plurality of banks of fires is provided, the ires being in the furnace spaces and consisting of ignited jets of gas or oil. Obviously, the furnaces thus arranged and supplied constitute very excellent and useful heating means, and

can be generated, and as the result of the multiple arrangement in both Walls of the kiln and the special location of the various fires a very thorough burning of the bricks in the burning chamber is attained. Although banks of oil, liquid or gas fires of this4 kind are thus extremely effective, yet

G for they are the next to be fired. In this belonging-l to the furnaces that are thus tothe burners 12, as indicated-in the drawi by meansof these burners an intense heat [and 2Q, said'passage 1%) .being in tire wall 2, l and said. .passage 2 0being in the wall s `These passages run the entire length of the ,15

' i wagte heat."- The `hot airwhich cojnes fronr` .l i

, alongth'rou'gh the stack or staclrsf of-bricksk l infthefburning chamber 4 forward tov thee `point of outlet, vand then .ol'ltrtlhrough the various .lower .furnace openingsl that' are ,i i hooded and into and through thel hoods 14i yto fammes anyathl ,y .be found vsuitableffi' .which are sustained--uponthe roof and 'ui on the walls. 1 and.' 2.1' These elbowsffproject .t'hroughthe'f'top of ,the .walls l 'arid 2 and ling to the stack/or fan, while the waste ori latent heat behind -the fires passes u Wardly ifshtoflbe .co1 fined th'eretlQ-,y and `iic'e reserve "th libert/(lof .utilizing 1n efkind orf(A fuelnvhicl'l-iniay Abtvtae there is a' Series if eitowsis' through the'f'ro'of '3. nd communi fte with the" kilnchamber 4, and they also.: project .communicate j-'with horizontal vpassages 19 walls, and' areof.'A proper 'size .to convey arioujs .l'ffurnacesvpasses horizontallyiy connectedthereto and into 'the ducts 15.. leadthrough the elbows 18 and by the atterv isjI conducted tinto., the horizontal endless pas-I sages? 19a-nd l20. These passages or ducts carry -away the Waste heat and deliver it finally into av subterranean outlet passage 21 which is below the. kiln floor and from` which any suitable ducts may lead off to the drier or any other point. There are suitable vertical connections shown in Fig. 5, at 22, through which the waste heat reaches the outlet passage 21 from the longitudinal ducts 19 and 20, it being noted, moreover, that the vertical passages 22 are connected together by means of a horizontal duct 22a.

The lower furnaces 6, when being fired, have their dalnpers 25 closed, while the furnaces 6 in advance of those being fired have their open sides, which are on the outside of the walls 1 and 2, covered by removable sheet iron hoods 14, see Fig. 5. These receive the products of combustion from the chamber 4 and direct the smoke and hot air and moisture from the kiln into the branch ducts 15 which are formed beneath the surface of the ground and below the side walls 1 and 2 and also below the kiln chamber 4. A ll .the various branch ducts 15, leading from all the furnaces 6, connect centrally below the chamber 4 with the longitudinal subterranean passa e 16 which extends the entire length of t e kiln underneath the burningchamber 4.` This passage 16 is a trunk passage, and ithas an outlet connection 17 as shown inl dotted lines in Fig. 3 and in cross section in Fig. 4.y The connection 17 carries the smoke to the main smoke stack. not shown, or it is provided with a fan 26. Thus the products of `combustion pass from the kiln through the branch ducts 15 and trunk passage 16 and the right-angled thence lto the atmosphere. This arrange of vsl'ibterranean ducts, 'communicating with a chimney and also with thefurnaces., promotes draft and enables the combustion 1nthe wml-ions` furnaces to' be accelerated andl controlled in a very' effectivev en'djuseful manner.

The fact that subterranean ducts 'are' eln-V ployed, which are thus placed;y out ofthe way andere connected se aratelyflwith the.'

draft regulation which .is found in practice to-be very serviceable. Hitherto in regulat- `different furnaces, prcvi'es a; "system of naoes. And also when there are concealed dempers -in the kiln walls leakage is apt to In our present arrangement the occur. ducts 15 as well as the trunk connections 16 are entirely outside of the Wall of the kiln being under the ground, and the ends of the ducts lfwhich connect with' the furnaces 6 being outside lthe walls and in a position where it is necessary to use a hood 1n order to inakea connection between the furnace and the duct. The connections 15 and theV trunk 16 being thus outside of and away from the walls are not in a positionl Where i I they interfere at all with the working of the furnace, but are so located that the fur-v nace has in itself no obstructions to the complete and successful apqlication of the 'i heat to the brick stacks w ich areA to be burned. This is an important and novel thereon. In this arrangement also the dani# 1:15 .point 1n our construction and we laystress pers are placed where they can be efectually Y sealed and may be subject to thorough iiispection at all times. i

Many changes in the precise arrangement of the various parts may be made without exceeding the scope of the invention, and we therefore reserve the liberty of rnodifyfv ing the various elements of our combination. within wide limits in so far as such modifi-y cation may be allowed by the claims.v f Having thus described our invention,what`l we claim as new and desire to secure by Let; ters Patent, is:

1. In a brick-kiln, the kiln chamber-hav# ing vertical parallel walls, a plurality ofi@y rows of furnaces in said walls, burners in the said furnaces for burnmg liquid or gaseous fuel, sup ly pipes connectedwithjsaid burners, hoo s for covering the openings f into the furnaces of the lower series, a longi`y tudinal central subterranean duct beneath the kiln. chamber for carrying olf smoke and assisting in the draft, and branch ducts connecting the furnaces of the lower row with \the said central duct, said ducts provided with dalnpers, substantially as described.

having vertical parallel side walls, furnaces 2. Ina continuous brick-kiln, an elon'- `gated chamber havin Vertical parallel side walls, longitudinal ucts arranged in the upper part of said walls, vertical ducts oonn'ectin withthe said longitudinal ducts and themse ves'connected with each other, a subterranean duet .leading away from the kiln and receiving waste heat `from the aforesaid -walls at points oppositeito each other so that che result of the combustion may be to pro- Ject flames toward each other and through arches built in thebrick to be burned, and

. a system of ducts whereb the smoke is carried away and the` draft 1n the variousfurnaces of the lower row is facilitated', substantially as described. y l A 3. In a brick-kiln, a continuous chamber arranged in a plurality of rows in said Walls, burners 1n the said furnaces for burning I f liquid or gaseous fuel, supply pi es for sai burners, branch ducts outside t e walls of the furnace and arranged to lie in close proximity to the furnaces, means consist' of hoods for temporarily connecting sai ducts with the furnaces, a trunk passage common to all the branch ducts, and means for creatin a draft through said trunk passage ad tie ducts, all substantially as described.

- 4. In acontinuous brick-kiln, a chamber having vertical parallel side walls, longitudinal ducts arranged in the upper part'of saidvwalls, vertical ducts 'connecting with the said longitudinal ducts,-a subterranean duct Lleading away -from the kilnand ceiving Waste heat from the. aforesaid ducts, furnaces in both walls arranged in parallel horizontal rows, those in one wall being opposite to those in the other, branch ucts outside the wall of the furnace and having their ends in close proximity to the outside ends of the furnaces of the lowermost row, means for connecting the ends of said ducts tem orarily with the furnaces so that the smo e may pass from the furnaces into and through the ducts', and means` for connectin the opposite ends of all of the said branc ducts to ether'and with a stacker fan, all

'substantially as described.

In testimony whereof we aiix our signa# tures in presence of two witnesses.

RAYMOND C. PENFIELD. FREDERICK S. NAUGrLE. 

